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1993-10-08
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HYPERLINKS AND DEFINITE JUMPS
One of the most complex concepts in multimedia creation
is hyper-linking (also known as hyperlinking). Not all
multimedia creation programs have this feature, and it is not
required for making excellent TMW presentations, but if you
master it, you can add wonderful user interaction to your
presentations.
Hyperlinking (as I define it) is the ability for an end
user to point to and select something on the screen and be
taken to another part of your presentation based upon that
selection.
It is up to you to design screens containing text, icons
or objects which the end user can select. It is also up to
you to create the links. In other words, if the user points
to X, then you have the presentation run file Z. You might,
for instance, design a screen with a frog, a cat, a lizard,
and an ant. The user can point to one of these animals, and
be taken to script file with more information about
amphibian, or mammals, or reptiles, or insects.
Here's another example. You draw a sewing machine. If
the users select an area around the needle, you take them to
a script about threading the needle. If they point to the
bobbin winder, you take them to a "winding bobbins" script,
and if they point to the tensioner, you take them to a script
which explains the tensioner settings.
Normally you build a presentation by completing the
screens containing icons, text or whatever you use to
indicate hyperlinks first. We'll call these menu screens.
Then, you build the scripts or files which are to be
hyperlinked. Finally, you go back to the menu screens and
actually create the links. For each link, select HYPERLINK
from a menu. You will be asked to type a filename, then a
rectangle will appear on screen. Size, shape and move the
rectangle to enclose the area in which your users can click
to get a link. From this point on, when your users use MSHOW,
and the menu screen is visible, if users move the arrow into
the invisible hyperlinked rectangular region, the
presentation will then show the hyperlinked script.
Of course you can have up to 30 links per menu screen,
and as many menu screens as you like. For instance, you
could have a menu screen which shows several bugs including
spiders and insects. If they click on a picture of an
insect, then the presentation could show a second menu screen
showing bees and ants (both insects). If they click on bees,
they could be shown yet an other menu screen with honey bees,
bumblebees, etc. If they click on bumblebees, you might
finally present a script talking about bumblebees.
Definite Jumps
At the end of your bumblebees script, you need a Definite
Jump. A definite jump will unconditionally take the user to a
specific script after the current script is shown. When your
users are done learning about bumblebees, the program
should not end. The users may want to find out about
different bugs. So at the end of the bumblebee script you
insert a Definite Jump back to the bugs menu script so they
can go through the process again. In fact, there should be a
definite jump back to the bugs menu script from every single
hyperlinked script in your bug presentation, so the user
never gets lost, but always returns to the main bug menu.
There are other uses for Definite Jump, too, with or
without hyperlinking. I often use it as a way to concatenate
scripts. For instance, I have a standard advertising script
for The Multimedia Workshop which I put in almost all of my
shareware presentations. The last screen in each presentation
uses a Definite Jump to show the TMW ad.
What If
What if you have two overlapping hyperlinked regions? If
your insects area overlaps your spiders area, what happens?
The last one in order in your script file is the one which
will take effect. If you made a hyperlink for insects first,
then the spiders one, and if your end user clicks where both
hyperlinked areas overlap, then the last hyperlink is the one
which will work. In this case, your user will be taken to the
spiders script.
What if the user confronted with your bug menu script
clicks on an area which has no hyperlink? Perhaps the user
clicks on a blank area between your spider picture and your
insect picture. The answer is that TMW's runtime program
MSHOW.EXE covers the situation perfectly. If there are one
or more hyperlinks in a script file, it will wait patiently
until the user clicks on a linked area.
In TMW.EXE, this could create a problem however, because
as soon as a hyperlink is encountered, there would be no way
to continue building or editing a script file. Therefore
TMW.EXE works a bit differently than MSHOW.EXE. It will let
the presentation "fall through" when you click on a
non-hyperlinked area, so you can continue working on your
files.
Now, if you are sharp, you'll see another little
problem. How do you let your users out? There are two ways.
One is to make an icon or something in your menu showing the
exit, then hyperlink a script which does not do a definite
jump back to the bugs menu script. You can use this as a
dropout or advertising script. The other way is to hyperlink
using STOP, in capital letters as the filename. "STOP" is
not a file, but a special code to the hyperlinking mechanism,
to let users out of a full screen hyperlink.
Another Little Trick
In addition to script files, you can use hyperlink to run
executable (.EXE, .COM or .BAT) files or to display .PCX
image files. You can run a spreadsheet, a video game,
Writer's Dream, even another MSHOW presentation this way.
However, there is no direct way to put a Definite Jump or
hyperlink into anything other than a script file. If you
want to run an executable, then hyperlink or Definite Jump
back into the presentation, create a new script file,
containing nothing but a hook to the executable (or file, and
then the hyperlink(s) or Definite Jump. To hook an
executable file into a script, use HOOK PROGRAM from the file
menu.
A Surprise
Maybe you figured this out already: You can use The
Multimedia Workshop to create your own custom picture-based
program launcher. For instance, you could make a script file
with "My Menu" at the top, and a bunch of custom icons
representing your favorite programs. Then hyperlink all your
icons to your programs. This way, you can point to your Word
Perfect icon, and run WP. Or point to your XTree icon, and
get Xtree. Or point to your picture of a blank disk, and
start FORMAT.COM.
Going a step further, imagine that you want to sell your
old used computer to a friend who is computer illiterate.
All he wants to do is play Pacman, and write letters. For
him, you make a menu which contains a picture of Pacman,
another of a letter being written, and a few more for basic
DOS services like formatting disks and copying files. Then
you hyperlink in .BAT files which actually perform the
services desired. You could even simplify it further for
your friend by linking in help scripts. For instance, when
your friend clicks on the format disk icon, you first present
some basic information about what FORMAT.COM does, why it is
needed, and how to do it. Then you could offer another menu,
"Format A:, Format B:, Cancel." If your friend then points
to the "Format a:" option, you hyperlink a batch file which
says, "FORMAT a:/u/s," or whatever you think is best.
I'll leave you to imagine all the possibilities now...
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end of file.